Lebitso: Tetracycline
Mabitso a mang: Ho na le li-tetracycline tse 'nè tse tloaelehileng hammoho le liphetoho tse mashome a mahlano tsa li-semi-synthetic, ka tsela e latelang.
- Ka tlhaho - chlortetracycline, demeclocyline, oxytetracyline, tetracycline
- Semela-synthetic - doxycycline, lymecycline, meclocycline, methacycline, minocycline, rolitetracycline
Khato: Meriana ea mafu e kholo.
Histori le Matlalo
Chlortetracycline e bile setho sa pele sa sehlopha sa tetracycline, se nkiloeng mobung oa mobu o fumanoeng ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1940.
Ka 2005 sehlopha se secha sa tetracycline se bitsoang glycylcyclines. Likokoana-hloko tsena tse ncha li sebelisoa ho phekola maloetse a sa thibeleng lithethefatsi a sa arabeleng le litracycline tse tloaelehileng.
Litlhapi tsa mekhabiso, Tetracycline e sebelisetsoa ho tšoara maloetse a sa tšoaneng a tsoang ka hare le a hare, ho kenyeletsa le mathata ana:
- Hemorrhagic Septicemia - tshwaetso ea baktheria ea mali. E tšoantšetsoa ke litlako tse tšolohang mali 'meleng le litlhōrōng.
- Boloetse ba molomo oa kokotone - tšoaetso ea baktheria e amang molomo le fungus e kang khōlo le khoholeho ea likarolo tsa molomo.
- Li-Rot Rot - Maqeba le mohatla li fetohile tse teteaneng le tse fokolang, maemong a mang a batla a senya ka ho feletseng.
- Mathata a Gill - Litlhapi li hema haholo 'me li-gill li bonahala li khubelu.
- Matšoao a 'mele a butsoeng - Tšoaetso ea baktheria e bakang lisola tse khubelu tse bulehileng' meleng.
- Matšoao a 'Meleng - Litlhapi tse slimy li hlaha' meleng, litlhapi li khanyetsa khahlanong le lintho le phefumoloho ka potlako.
- Pop-eye - Mahlo a na le bothata 'me a ka' na a hlaha ho tloha hloohong.
- Cyanobacteria - e boetse e sebelisoa ho phekola cyanobacteria (blue-green algae).
Ka tloaelo tetracycline e sebetsa haholo khahlanong le libaktheria tsa aerobic, haholo-holo likokoana-hloko tse phelang hantle. Maetsing a bakoang ke libaktheria tsa gram-negative, minocycline e sebetsa ho feta tetracycline. Tetracycline e ba matla haholo ho feta lilemo, kahoo matsatsi a ho qetela a lokela ho latela ka hloko.
Tetracycline e tla bolaea libaktheria tse fokolang , kahoo qoba ho li sebelisa hammoho le lithibela-mafu tse ling ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea meriana ena ho likokoana-hloko. Sheba lik'hemik'hale tsa metsi haufi le libeke tse 'maloa ka mor'a phekolo ea lithibela-mafu tsena, ho hlahlojoa ammonia le nitrite. Qoba tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi ena haeba litlhapi li se li ntse li tšoeroe ke chefo ea ammonia kapa ea nitrite , kapa maloetse a seng a fetoletse tlhapi ea mali haholo.
Boima bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa (GH) bo tla fokotsa katleho ea lithethefatsi ena. Tetracycline ha e sebetse ho hang ha metsi a pH a phahame ho feta 7.5. Tlosa leha e le efe ea filter filter ha u sebelisa lithethefatsi ena, kaha e tla tlosa Tetracycline metsing. Tetracyclines e ka sebelisoa ka mokhoa o bolokehileng hammoho le Methylene Blue.
Minocycline ke lithibela-mafu tse pharaletseng ho feta tse ling tsa tetracycline, haholo-holo ho phekola mafu a bakoang ke libaktheria tsa gram-negative. Lelapeng la tetracycline, le atleha haholo khahlanong le septicemia.
Lintho tse Nang le Tetracycline
- Tetracycline ea API TC
Tataiso ea Moetsi oa Tlhahiso: Bakeng sa liphello tse ntle, tlosa carbon e senyehileng kapa filter filter ho filthara mme u tsoele pele ho aeration. Bakeng sa lilithara tse 10 tsa metsi, pakete e le 'ngoe e se nang letho ka aquarium ka ho toba.
Pheta tekanyo ka mor'a lihora tse 24. Emela lihora tse ling tse 24 ebe u fetola metsi a 25% a metsi a aquarium. Pheta phekolo ena ka lekhetlo la bobeli, bakeng sa tekanyo ea 4 tekanyo. Ebe o etsa phetoho ea metsi a 25% ea ho qetela ' Kalafo e ka phetoa ha ho hlokahala. Paseka e le 'ngoe e tšoara lilithara tse 100. Meriana e mene e hlokehang bakeng sa phekolo e feletseng.
____________________________________________________
- Li-cycline tsa Litlhapi
Tataiso ea Moetsi: Sebelisa pakete e le 'ngoe (250 mg) ho ea ho aquarium bakeng sa lilithara tse 15 tsa metsi tse lokelang ho sebelisoa. Pheta ka lihora tse 24. Ho nahanngoa phetoho e fokolang ea metsi lipakeng tsa phekolo. Le ha nako e telele ea phekolo e itšetlehile ka mofuta le matla a tšoaetso, libaka tsa ho hlatsoa meriana e atolositsoeng li lokela ho tsoela pele ka nako e ka tlase ho matsatsi a 5 le ka matsatsi a fetang 10.
Qoba ho phekoloa haeba ha ho ntlafatso e tsejoang matsatsing a 5. Ho tlosa mmala o se nang kotsi, fetola 20% ea metsi 'me u sebelise sehlaseli sa mashala ho fihlela metsi a hlakile.
____________________________________________________
- Maracyn-Tse peli (Minocycline)
Tataiso ea Moetsi oa Tšebeliso: Letsatsi la pele, eketsa lipakete tse 2 ka lilithara tse 10 tsa metsi. Ka la bobeli ho isa ho letsatsi la bohlano, eketsa pakete e le 'ngoe ka lilithara tse 10 tsa metsi. Pheta phekolo ena ea matsatsi a 5 hanngoe ha ho hlokahala